DAMPAK PERTUMBUHAN DAN UMUR BERANAK PERTAMA SAPI PERAH TERHADAP PERFORMA LAKTASI KEBERLANJUTAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32781/cakrawala.v13i2.307Abstract
Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak pertumbuhan dan umur beranak pertama terhadap produktivitas sapi perah dara secara keberlanjutan. Metode kajian bersifat deskriptif dengan mencermati data-data sekunder dan pustaka. Penurunan biaya pemeliharaan dapat dilakukan dengan mempercepat pertumbuhan dan umur beranak pertama. Langkah ini dapat mempercepat umur kawin dara karena dapat mencapai 55% bobot dewasa tubuh lebih cepat yang merupakan syarat minimal bobot tubuh untuk kawin dari sapi dara. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa percepatan pertumbuhan dan umur beranak pertama berdampak pada rendahnya produksi susu pada laktasi pertama. Namun, setelah 5 tahun, induk sapi memproduksi susu dengan jumlah hari produksi yang lebih tinggi dan mempunyai total produksi susu yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan yag beranak di atas 2 tahun. Dengan percepatan pertumbuhan dan umur beranak pertama dapat meningkatkan keuntungan jangka panjang dari industri sapi perah.
Kata kunci: dara, pertumbuhan, umur, produksi
References
Abeni, F., L. Calamari, L. Stefanini, and G. Pirlo. 2000. Effect of daily gain in pre- and post pubertal dairy heifers on body condition score, body size, metabolic profile, and future milk production. J Dairy Sci 83:1468-1478.
Awan, J. S., A. Atabany, and B. P. Purwanto. 2016. Effect of first calving Friesien Holstein age on milk yield performance at BBPTU-HPT Baturraden. Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan teknologi Hasil Peternakan 04(02): 306-311
Cooke, J. S., Z. Cheng, N. E. Bourne, and D. C. Wathes. 2013. Association between growth rates, age at first calving and subsequent fertility, milk production and survival in Holstein-Friesian heifers. Open Journal of Animal Sciences 3: 1-12.
Do, C., N. Wasana, K. Cho, Y. Choi, T. Choi, B. Park, and D. Lee. 2013. The effect of age at first calving and calving interval on productive life and lifetime profit in Korean Holstein. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 26(11): 1511-1517
Ettema, J. F. & J. E. P. Santos. 2004. Impact of age at calving on lactation, reproduction, health, and income in first-parity Holsteins on commercial farms. J. Dairy Sci. 87:2730-2742
Grummer, R. R., P. C. Hoffman, M. L. Luck, and S. J. Bertics.1995. Effect of prepartum and postpartum dietary energy on growth and lactation of primiparous cows. J. Dairy Sci. 78:172
Grexton, B. 2015. Average age of calving still too high. Ministry of agriculture, food and Rural affairs Canada. http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/ dairy/facts/calvingage.htm 15 April 2015
Heinrichs, A. J. 1993. Raising dairy replacements to meet the needs of the 21st century. J. Dairy Sci. 76:3179–3187.
Heinrichs, A. J., C. M. Jones, S. M. Gray, P. A. Heinrichs, S. A. Cornelisse, and R. C. Goodling. 2013. Identifying efficient dairy heifer producers using production costs and data envelopment analysis. J. Dairy Sci. 96:7355–7362.
Hoffman, P. C., C.R. Simson, and M. Wattiaux. 2007. Limit Feeding of Gravid Holstein Heifers: Effect on growth, manure nutrient excretion, and subsequent early lactation program. J. Dairy Sci. 90:946-954.
Hoffman, P. C., N. M. Brehm, S. G. Price, and A. Prill-adams. 1996. Effect of Accelerated Postpubertal Growth and Early Calving on Lactation Performance of Primiparous Holstein Heifers. J Dairy Sci 79:2024-2031
Hultgren, J., C. Svensson, M. Pehrsson. 2011. Rearing conditions and lifetime milk revenues in Swedish dairy cows. Livestock Science 137, 108–115.
Knowlton, F.K. and J.M. Nelson. 2003. World of dairy cattle nutrition. Holstein foundation, Brattleboro Vermont, USA.
Lin. C. Y., A. J. McAllister, T. R. Batra, and A. J. Lee. 1988. Effects of early and late breeding of heifers on multiple lactation performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2735-2743.
Meyer, M. J., R.W. Everett and M. E. Van Amburgh. 2004. Reduced Age at First Calving: Effects on Lifetime Production, Longevity, and Profitability. http://cals.arizona.edu/extension/dairy/conference/proceedings/2004/reduced_age_calving.pdf
Murdani, Khairul. 2018. Umur beranak pertama terhadap produktivitas sapi perah periode laktasi pertama dan selang beranak pertama. Thesis: Sekolah Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor
Nilforooshan, M. A. and M. A. Edriss. 2004. Effect of age at first calving on some productive and longevity traits in Iranian Holsteins of Isfahan Province. J. Dairy Sci. 87:2130-2135.
Pirlo, G., F. Miglior, and M. Speroni. 2000. Our industry today: effect of age at first calving on production traits and on difference between milk yield returns and rearing costs in Italian Holstein. J. Dairy Sci 83: 603-608.
Radcliff, R. P., M. J. Vandehaar, L. T. Chapin, T. E. Pilbeam, D. K. Beede, E. P. Stanisiewski, and H. A. Tucker. 2000. Effects of diet and injection of bovine somatotropin on prepubertal growth and first-lactation milk yields of holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 83:23-29
Rincker, L. E. D., M. J. VandeHaar, C. A. Wolf, J. S. Liesman, L. T. Chapin, and M. S. Weber Nielsen. 2011. Effect of intensified feeding of heifer calves on growth, pubertal age, calving age, milk yield and economic. J. Dairy Sci. 34:3554-3567.
Rincker, L. E. D., M. S. Weber Nielse, L. T. Chapin, J. S. Liesman, K. M. Daniels, R. M. Akers, and M. J. VandeHaar. 2008. Effect of feeding pre pubertal heifers a high energy diet for three, six or twelve weeks on mammary growth and composition. J. Dairy Sci. 91:1926-1935.
Sarwiyono, T. Djoharjani and M. N. M. Ibrahim. Housing and management of dairy cattle in small scale farms of east java in Indonesia. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 6(03): 389-394
Sejrsen, K. 1994. Relationships between nutrition, puberty and mammary development in cattle. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 53:103-111
Tozer, P.R. and Heinrichs, A.J. (2001) What affects the costs of raising replacement dairy heifers: A multiple- component analysis. J. Dairy Science 84, 1836-1844.
Van Amburgh, M. E., D. M. Galton, D. E. Bauman, R. W. Everett, D. G. Fox, L. E. Chase, And H. N. Erb. 1998. Effects of Three Prepubertal Body Growth Rates on Performance of Holstein Heifers During First Lactation. J. Dairy Sci.81:527-538
